日期:2021/12/17
2021諾貝爾和平獎揭曉!菲律賓與俄羅斯記者摘下桂冠,「捍衛言論自由」獲肯定

挪威諾貝爾委員會決定將 2021 年諾貝爾和平獎授予瑪麗亞·雷薩和德米特里·穆拉托夫,感謝他們為維護言論自由所做的努力,這是民主和持久和平的先決條件。雷薩女士和穆拉托夫先生正在接受和平獎。同時,他們是在民主和新聞自由面臨日益不利條件的世界中為這一理想挺身而出的所有記者的代表。
Maria Ressa 利用言論自由揭露她的祖國菲律賓濫用權力、使用暴力和日益增長的威權主義。2012 年,她與他人共同創立了一家調查新聞數字媒體公司 Rappler,她仍然領導著該公司。作為一名拉普勒將批判性的注意力集中在杜特爾特政權有爭議的、兇殘的禁毒運動上。死亡人數如此之多,以至於這場運動類似於一場針對本國人民的戰爭。雷薩女士和拉普勒還記錄了社交媒體的發展情況用於傳播假新聞、騷擾對手和操縱公共話語。
德米特里·安德烈耶維奇·穆拉托夫(Dmitry Andreyevich Muratov)幾十年來一直在日益嚴峻的條件下捍衛俄羅斯的言論自由。1993年,他是獨立報紙《新報》的創始人之一。自1995年以來,他一直擔任該報的總編輯,共24年。多年來,《新報》是當今俄羅斯最獨立的報紙,對權力持根本性的批判態度。該報以事實為基礎的新聞報導和專業誠信使其成為其他媒體很少提及的俄羅斯社會可譴責方面的重要信息來源。自 1993 年成立以來,《新報》發表了批評性文章,主題包括腐敗、警察暴力、非法逮捕、選舉欺詐和“巨魔工廠”,以及在俄羅斯境內外使用俄羅斯軍隊。
Novaya Gazeta 的反對者以騷擾、威脅、暴力和謀殺作為回應。自該報創辦以來,該報已有 6 名記者被殺,其中包括撰寫有關車臣戰爭的揭露文章的 Anna Politkovskaya。儘管有殺戮和威脅,主編——他一直捍衛記者的權利,可以隨心所欲地寫任何他們想寫的東西,只要他們遵守新聞業的專業和道德標準。
自由、獨立和基於事實的新聞有助於防止濫用權力、謊言和戰爭宣傳。挪威諾貝爾委員會堅信言論自由和信息自由有助於確保公眾知情。諾貝爾和平獎授予Maria Ressa 和 Dmitry Muratov 旨在強調保護和捍衛這些基本權利的重要性。
沒有言論自由和新聞自由,就很難在我們這個時代成功地促進國家間的兄弟情誼、裁軍和更美好的世界秩序。因此,今年的諾貝爾和平獎牢固地植根於阿爾弗雷德的規定。諾貝爾的遺囑。
2021 年 10 月 8 日,奧斯陸
○2021年諾貝爾和平獎8日於挪威首都奧斯陸揭曉,由菲律賓記者蕾莎(Maria Ressa)、俄羅斯《新報》(Novaya Gazeta)總編輯穆拉托夫(Dmitry Muratov)獲得殊榮,得獎理由是「他們努力捍衛言論自由,而這是民主和持久和平的先決條件」。他們將共同獲得1000萬瑞典克朗(新台幣3330萬元)的獎金。
諾貝爾和平獎委員會主席安德森(Berit Reiss-Andersen)指出,蕾莎和穆拉托夫分別在菲律賓和俄羅斯為言論自由而進行勇敢的奮鬥;同時,他們在民主和新聞自由面臨日益不利條件的世界中,代表了所有為這一理想挺身而出的記者。
這是自1935年德國記者奧西茨基(Carl von Ossietzky)以來,第一次有新聞媒體人獲得諾貝爾和平獎。奧西茨基因揭露希特勒政府與蘇聯合作重整軍事計畫而獲獎,那一年他在集中營獲得這項至高榮譽。
自由、獨立和基於事實的新聞有助於防止濫用權力、謊言和戰爭宣傳,諾貝爾和平獎委員會指出,「沒有言論自由和新聞自由,就很難在我們這個時代成功地促進國家間的友愛、裁軍和更美好的世界秩序。」
諾貝爾和平獎委員會也表示,他們相信言論自由和信息自由有助於確保公眾知情,這些權利正是民主和防止戰爭衝突的重要先決條件,將諾貝爾和平獎授予這兩位在捍衛言論自由領域有重要貢獻的記者,「旨在強調保護和捍衛這些基本權利的重要性」。
「我很震驚,」雷薩在現場直播中說從未想過能獲獎。據俄羅斯官方媒體塔斯社(TASS)報導,穆拉托夫表示,這份榮耀屬於也《新報》與為言論自由而犧牲生命的同事。
蕾莎
菲律賓名記者蕾莎(Maria Ressa)創設獨立網媒《拉普勒》(Rappler),曾獲選《時代》雜誌年度風雲人物(AP)
菲律賓名記者蕾莎(Maria Ressa)創設獨立網媒《拉普勒》(Rappler)(AP)
蕾莎現年58歲,曾是美國有線電視新聞網(CNN)在馬尼拉與雅加達分社的記者,專門調查在東南亞興起的恐怖主義。2012年,她共同創立菲律賓網路媒體「Rappler」,擔任負責人兼總編輯,主導記者集中火力於監督總統杜特蒂(Rodrigo Duterte)兇殘的掃毒戰爭上。(相關報導:諾貝爾文學獎知多少》主辦機構瑞典學院曾捲入#MeToo風暴、以任何語言寫作都能獲獎!|更多文章)
挪威諾貝爾委員會指出,她不畏懼地維護言論自由,揭露菲律賓政府濫用權力、使用暴力和日益增長的威權主義。她也關注近來假新聞氾濫,調查菲律賓社交媒體如何變成傳播假新聞、騷擾政治對手和操縱輿論的工具。美國《時代》雜誌2018年選出「守護真相的新聞工作者」為年度風雲人物,蕾莎也是代表之一。
截至2021年8月10日,Rappler面臨至少7起訴訟,而蕾莎更是當局的眼中釘,2019年2月她在辦公室被捕,隔年被法院判定犯下網路誹謗罪,儘管獲得保釋,她仍不斷向法院提出上訴,她並批評該次判決象徵民主的失敗。如今,蕾莎成為首位以個人身分獲得諾貝爾獎的菲律賓人,Rappler回應指出,今年的諾貝爾和平獎對新聞業在當今世界的作用給予了前所未有的認可。
Announcement
The Norwegian Nobel Committee has decided to award the Nobel Peace Prize for 2021 to Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov for their efforts to safeguard freedom of expression, which is a precondition for democracy and lasting peace. Ms Ressa and Mr Muratov are receiving the Peace Prize for their courageous fight for freedom of expression in the Philippines and Russia. At the same time, they are representatives of all journalists who stand up for this ideal in a world in which democracy and freedom of the press face increasingly adverse conditions.
Maria Ressa uses freedom of expression to expose abuse of power, use of violence and growing authoritarianism in her native country, the Philippines. In 2012, she co-founded Rappler, a digital media company for investigative journalism, which she still heads. As a journalist and the Rappler’s CEO, Ressa has shown herself to be a fearless defender of freedom of expression. Rappler has focused critical attention on the Duterte regime’s controversial, murderous anti-drug campaign. The number of deaths is so high that the campaign resembles a war waged against the country’s own population. Ms Ressa and Rappler have also documented how social media is being used to spread fake news, harass opponents and manipulate public discourse.
Dmitry Andreyevich Muratov has for decades defended freedom of speech in Russia under increasingly challenging conditions. In 1993, he was one of the founders of the independent newspaper Novaya Gazeta. Since 1995 he has been the newspaper’s editor-in-chief for a total of 24 years. Novaya Gazeta is the most independent newspaper in Russia today, with a fundamentally critical attitude towards power. The newspaper’s fact-based journalism and professional integrity have made it an important source of information on censurable aspects of Russian society rarely mentioned by other media. Since its start-up in 1993, Novaya Gazeta has published critical articles on subjects ranging from corruption, police violence, unlawful arrests, electoral fraud and ”troll factories” to the use of Russian military forces both within and outside Russia.
Novaya Gazeta’s opponents have responded with harassment, threats, violence and murder. Since the newspaper’s start, six of its journalists have been killed, including Anna Politkovskaya who wrote revealing articles on the war in Chechnya. Despite the killings and threats, editor-in-chief Muratov has refused to abandon the newspaper’s independent policy. He has consistently defended the right of journalists to write anything they want about whatever they want, as long as they comply with the professional and ethical standards of journalism.
Free, independent and fact-based journalism serves to protect against abuse of power, lies and war propaganda. The Norwegian Nobel Committee is convinced that freedom of expression and freedom of information help to ensure an informed public. These rights are crucial prerequisites for democracy and protect against war and conflict. The award of the Nobel Peace Prize to Maria Ressa and Dmitry Muratov is intended to underscore the importance of protecting and defending these fundamental rights.
Without freedom of expression and freedom of the press, it will be difficult to successfully promote fraternity between nations, disarmament and a better world order to succeed in our time. This year’s award of the Nobel Peace Prize is therefore firmly anchored in the provisions of Alfred Nobel’s will.
Oslo, 8 October 2021